Povidone-Iodine Solution

Ingredient: Povidone-Iodine 10% Overview of Povidone-Iodine 10% Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) is a complex of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (a water-soluble polymer), and…

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Ingredient: Povidone-Iodine 10%

Overview of Povidone-Iodine 10%

Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) is a complex

of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone

(a water-soluble polymer), and the

10% concentration is a common

ready-to-dilute or directly usable formulation in veterinary medicine (depending on the target application). Its core advantage lies in controlled iodine release: the polymer acts as a “reservoir,” ensuring sustained antimicrobial activity while reducing the irritation of free iodine.

Mechanism of Action:

When in contact with moisture (e.g., animal tissue secretions, water), PVP-I slowly releases free iodine. Iodine penetrates microbial cell walls, oxidizes proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, and destroys bacteria (Gram-positive/negative), fungi, viruses (enveloped/non-enveloped), and protozoa—with no known cross-resistance to antibiotics.

Key Features:

Low tissue irritation (compared to tincture of iodine), good tissue penetration (suitable for superficial wounds), and compatibility with most veterinary equipment. It is widely used in livestock, poultry, companion animals, and aquaculture, but is less effective in highly organic environments (e.g., heavily soiled manure) due to iodine binding by organic matter.

Veterinary Indications

Povidone-Iodine 10% is primarily used for topical disinfection (skin, mucosa, wounds) and equipment sanitization; it is not for systemic administration (injection/oral) or use on deep, closed abscesses.

Animal Category	Specific Indications	Rationale for Use
Livestock (cattle, pigs, sheep)	– Wound care: Disinfection of lacerations, abrasions, hoof rot (cattle/sheep), and post-surgical incisions (e.g., castration, cesarean sections).- Mucosa disinfection: Teat disinfection (pre/post-milking to prevent mastitis in dairy cows), and vaginal disinfection (pre-breeding or postpartum to reduce uterine infection).- Navel care: Disinfection of newborn calf/piglet navels to prevent omphalitis.	Effective against mastitis-causing pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli) and hoof rot bacteria (Fusobacterium necrophorum); low irritation to sensitive teat/vaginal mucosa.
Poultry (chickens, ducks)	– Skin/fowl pox disinfection: Topical application to pox lesions (prevent secondary bacterial infection).- Egg disinfection: Low-concentration soaking/spraying of hatching eggs (reduce Salmonella, E. coli contamination).- Footpad care: Disinfection of broiler footpad dermatitis (secondary bacterial infection).	Safe for eggshells (no damage to embryo development) and mild enough for poultry’s thin skin.
Companion Animals (dogs, cats)	– Wound disinfection: Minor cuts, hot spots (moist eczema), and post-grooming nicks.- Mucosa care: Ear canal disinfection (otitis externa, mixed bacterial/fungal infections), oral mucosa disinfection (gingivitis, mouth ulcers), and eye conjunctivitis (diluted for irrigation).- Pre-surgical prep: Disinfection of surgical sites (e.g., spaying/neutering).	Gentle on companion animals’ sensitive skin; effective against common pathogens (Malassezia fungi, Canine parvovirus in contaminated wounds).
Aquaculture (fish, shrimp)	– Fish health: Bath treatment for bacterial gill disease (fish), fin rot (Aeromonas hydrophila), and protozoal infections (e.g., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis).- Egg disinfection: Soaking fish/shrimp eggs to prevent fungal (Saprolegnia) and bacterial contamination.- Equipment sanitization: Disinfection of tanks, nets, and feeding tools.	Iodine is non-toxic to fish at therapeutic concentrations; effective against aquatic pathogens without residue risk (iodine volatilizes naturally).
Exotic Animals (rabbits, reptiles)	– Reptiles: Disinfection of shell rot (turtles/tortoises) and skin ulcers (snakes).- Rabbits: Navel disinfection of newborn kits and disinfection of minor skin wounds (avoid respiratory mucosa—iodine fumes may irritate).	Safe for reptiles’ keratinized skin; low irritation for rabbits’ delicate skin.

Dosage & Dilution Guidelines

Povidone-Iodine 10% is a concentrated formulation—dilution is required for most applications to avoid iodine-induced tissue irritation (e.g., dry skin, mucosal burns). The dilution ratio depends on the target tissue (skin vs. mucosa) and animal species.

Adjust the concentration to 0.1%–10% based on use:

Skin/wounds: 1%–5% (direct use or 2–10x dilution of 10% stock).

Mucosa (teat, eye, ear): 0.1%–0.5% (20–100x dilution of 10% stock).

Aquaculture bath: 0.01%–0.05% (200–1000x dilution of 10% stock).

Application Scenario	Target Concentration	Dilution Ratio (10% PVP-I : Solvent)	Application Method
Livestock Wound/Navel Care	1%–5%	1:1 to 1:9 (e.g., 10mL stock + 10mL water = 5% solution)	Soak gauze and apply to wound/navel; repeat 2–3x daily until healing. For hoof rot: Apply 5% solution to affected hoof, wrap with bandage (change daily).
Dairy Cow Teat Disinfection	0.5%–1%	1:9 to 1:19 (e.g., 10mL stock + 190mL water = 0.5% solution)	Spray or dip teats after milking; allow to air dry (no rinsing needed—low residue).
Poultry Egg Disinfection	0.1%–0.2%	1:49 to 1:99 (e.g., 10mL stock + 990mL water = 0.1% solution)	Soak clean eggs for 5–10 minutes (20–25°C); air-dry before incubation (avoid prolonged soaking—may damage eggshell pores).
Companion Animal Ear/Eye Care	0.1%–0.2% (ear); 0.05%–0.1% (eye)	1:49 to 1:99 (ear); 1:99 to 1:199 (eye)	Ear: Instill 2–3 drops of 0.1% solution, massage ear, wipe excess. Eye: Irrigate with 0.05% solution (use sterile water as solvent) for conjunctivitis.
Aquaculture Fish Bath	0.01%–0.05%	1:199 to 1:999 (e.g., 10mL stock + 9990mL water = 0.01% solution)	Immerse fish in solution for 30–60 minutes (monitor for stress: if fish gasp, reduce time). For eggs: Soak in 0.02% solution for 15–20 minutes.
Veterinary Equipment Sanitization	5%–10%	1:0 (direct use) or 1:1 (5% solution)	Soak instruments (scalpels, forceps) in 10% solution for 30 minutes; rinse with sterile water before use (avoid aluminum instruments—iodine causes corrosion).

Storage Requirements

Povidone-Iodine 10% is stable under proper storage but degrades rapidly when exposed to light, heat, or moisture—reducing iodine content and efficacy.

Storage Aspect	Requirements
Container	Store in a tight, light-resistant container (amber glass or opaque HDPE plastic). Avoid transparent containers—light accelerates iodine decomposition (solution turns pale yellow, indicating reduced potency).
Temperature	Keep in a cool, dry area at 15°C–25°C (59°F–77°F). Do not expose to temperatures ＞30°C (86°F) (causes iodine volatilization) or freezing (＜0°C/32°F) (solution precipitates, efficacy lost).
Moisture	Seal container tightly after each use. Moisture absorption causes iodine to hydrolyze, forming iodide (inactive) and reducing antimicrobial activity.
Compatibility	Do not store near alkalis (e.g., sodium hydroxide), ammonia, or reducing agents (e.g., vitamin C)—these substances neutralize iodine. Avoid mixing with hydrogen peroxide (reduces efficacy of both).
Shelf Life	Unopened: 2–3 years (per manufacturer’s label). Opened: Use within 6 months (iodine volatilizes over time). Discard if solution turns colorless/pale yellow (original color: reddish-brown) or develops a foul odor.
Safety & Labeling	Keep out of reach of children and animals. Label clearly with: “Veterinary Use Only,” “Avoid Contact with Eyes,” expiration date, and emergency contact (veterinarian/toxic control).

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